WEC11 01 que 20190109

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题目解答

1

题目
答案		A
难度		容易
考察知识点		影响PPF发生shift移动的因素
解答要点		●　人口增长是典型的生产要素数量增加因素，因此会导致PPF整条线外扩，A选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagrams show the production possibility frontiers for Singapore’s economy. It is operating at point X on the production possibility frontier LL. Singapore’s population is expected to increase by 90 000 next year. In which one of the diagrams does the movement from X to Y illustrate this expected increase in population if the economy still operates at its maximum productive potential?

2

题目
答案		C
难度		容易
考察知识点		price mechanism的识别
解答要点		●　A选项，价格上升时，企业有动力增加产量而非减少，A选项错误。 ●　B选项，价格机制一般在市场经济中，和鼓励政府干预没有直接联系，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，当价格变化时，价格为企业和消费者提供供给和消费的信号作用，这是对signal功能的阐述，C选项正确。 ●　D选项，ration指的是供给有限时，通过价格进行资源分配，能承担高价的人将分配到商品。D选项的描述与实际意义不符，错误。
文字版备查		Which one of the following is a function of the price mechanism? A To create an incentive for producers to decrease the quantity supplied when the price increases. B To encourage government intervention to allocate scarce resources. C To provide a signal to producers and consumers about changes in supply and demand when prices change. D To ration scarce resources by allowing prices to decrease when demand increases.

3

题目
答案		A
难度		容易
考察知识点		government failure的识别
解答要点		●　A选项，环境法规中包含的大额行政成本，属于政府干预带来了福利下降的情况，表述非常明确，因此A选项正确。 ●　B选项，市场泡沫导致价格迅速上升，没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，free riders的存在导致公共产品生产不足，没有没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，C选项错误。 ●　D选项，有外部收益的产品生产不足，没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，D选项错误。
文字版备查		Which one of the following is a cause of government failure? A Excessive administrative costs involved in meeting environmental regulations. B A market bubble causing the price to rise excessively. C The existence of free riders leading to the under-production of public goods. D Under-production of foods with external benefits.

4

题目
答案		B
难度		容易
考察知识点		subsidy incidence各部分的识别和计算
解答要点		●　subsidy中consumer能够获得的部分为补贴后数量2100乘以市场价格变化部分（165-135），即2100*（165-135）=63000，B选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagram shows the market for wheat in the European Union after the introduction of a subsidy. Which one of the following is the consumer incidence of the subsidy?

5

题目
答案		B
难度		容易
考察知识点		Demand线上各点的PED值
解答要点		●　单位弹性位于D线的中点位置，因此B选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagram shows a demand curve for rice. At which point on the demand curve will the price elasticity of demand be unitary?

6

题目
答案		D
难度		中等
考察知识点		YED在具体情境下的解读
解答要点		●　A选项，该选项谈论的是PED的概念，和表格中给出的YED的概念不符，A选项错误。 ●　B选项，public transport的YED是负的，说明是inferior good，与表格中数据不符，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，收入增加会导致ice cream的需求更低比例的下降，这说明YED为负且在-1~0之间，与表格中数据不符，C选项错误。 ●　D选项，收入下降会导致motor cars的需求更高比例的下降，这说明YED为正且大于1，与表格中数据相符，D选项正确。
文字版备查		The table shows the estimated income elasticity of demand for various goods and services in the USA. Which one of the following can be deduced from the table? A Cheese has relatively price inelastic demand. B Public transport is a normal good. C An increase in real income will result in a less than proportionate decrease in demand for ice cream. D A decrease in real income will result in a more than proportionate decrease in the demand for motor cars.

7

题目
题目类型		画图题
难度		中等
考察知识点		ad valorem tax的图像及均衡点变化情况
解答要点		●　注意材料中描述的税收是按照价格百分比收的，因此判定属于ad valorem tax，画图时需要呈现“喇叭口”形状才能得分。
官方答案
参考例文		The supply curve pivots leftwards from S0 to S1 because of the introduction of an ad valorem tax in Saudi Arabia. （根据题目要求回答问题→）Equilibrium price increases from P0 to P1. Equilibrium quantity decreases from Q0 to Q1.
文字版备查		Saudi Arabia introduced its first indirect tax on the sale of goods and services in 2018. The tax is charged at 5% of the price of goods and services. Draw a diagram to illustrate the impact of the introduction of the indirect tax on the equilibrium price and quantity of petrol in Saudi Arabia.

8

题目
题目类型		影响分析题
难度		中等
考察知识点		division of labour的好处
解答要点		●　按照“概念+观点+材料+逻辑链分析”的思路完成题目分析。本题内容常规，按照平时讲过的division of labour的优点回答即可。
官方答案
参考例文		（概念→）The division of labour is where the production process is broken down into stages and each worker focuses on a specific task. （观点→）One benefit of the division of labour is higher labour productivity. （因果逻辑链分析→）As each worker focuses on a specific task, he/she can become an expert and is very skilled at this task. Labour productivity can increase, which brings more products for the firm. （材料运用→）According to the extract, after the division of labour, the number of cars produced by Rimac increases from 7 to 200.
文字版备查		Rimac manufacture electric cars. With the first model, the Concept_One, an individual worker was responsible for building each car from start to finish. Only seven were manufactured. In 2017 €30 million was spent on developing a factory which would use the division of labour to manufacture 200 Concept_Two cars. With reference to the market for car manufacturing, explain one benefit of the ‘division of labour’.

9

题目
题目类型		概念题
难度		中等
考察知识点		free good和economic good的定义与区别
解答要点		●　根据材料描述给出判断，说明定义，然后结合材料进行验证。
官方答案
参考例文		（观点→）Lake Poopó is an economic good. （概念→）Economic good a good with scarcity and therefore an opportunity cost. （材料运用→）According to the extract, by 2017 there had been a 98% reduction in the size of the lake. （材料内容与概念进行对照→）The water in the lake become very scarce now and cannot be used for irrigation any more. Therefore, it is an economic good.
文字版备查		Lake Poopó in Bolivia used to provide the local community with water to irrigate the quinoa fields. By 2017 there had been a 98% reduction in the size of the lake. The community could no longer use the lake for irrigation. Explain whether Lake Poopó is a free good or an economic good.

10

题目
题目类型		计算题
难度		中等
考察知识点		均衡价格的判断方法
解答要点		●　按照题目要求将新的需求情况填入表格，然后按照需求等于供给的判定方法确定均衡价格。
官方答案
参考例文		（材料运用→）（填表格，每个价格处的new quantity demanded等于original quantity demanded加上100） （概念→）Market equilibrium occurs where quantity demanded and supplied are the same. （分析与计算→）According to the table, when the price is ￥13, new quantity demanded and supplied are both 500. Therefore, the equilibrium price is￥13.
文字版备查		The table shows the quantity of bottled water supplied and the quantity of bottled water demanded at different prices. An advertising campaign results in an increase in demand of 100 bottles of water at each price. Using the data in the table, calculate the equilibrium price for bottled water after the advertising campaign. Show your workings. You may wish to use the last column in your calculation.

11

题目
题目类型		影响分析题
难度		中等
考察知识点		producer surplus的变化
解答要点		●　根据题干得知是由于S线左移、价格上升而导致的producer surplus变化。写出概念、画出相应图像并指出变化前后的producer surplus的位置。
官方答案
参考例文		（概念→）Producer surplus is the difference between the price of a good and the price willing to sell for. （图像及说明↑）The supply curve shifts leftwards from S0 to S1, caused by reduced supply from Vietnamese mining companies. （根据题目要求回答问题→）Therefore, the producer surplus decreases from area P0CA to area P1BE.
文字版备查		In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the price of sand increased from VND510 000 to VND695 000 per cubic metre between April and May 2017. This was caused by reduced supply from Vietnamese mining companies. Explain the likely impact of this change on producer surplus in the market for sand. Illustrate your answer with a diagram.