WEC11 01 que 20190109

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题目
答案		A
难度		容易
考察知识点		影响PPF发生shift移动的因素
解答要点		●　人口增长是典型的生产要素数量增加因素，因此会导致PPF整条线外扩，A选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagrams show the production possibility frontiers for Singapore’s economy. It is operating at point X on the production possibility frontier LL. Singapore’s population is expected to increase by 90 000 next year. In which one of the diagrams does the movement from X to Y illustrate this expected increase in population if the economy still operates at its maximum productive potential?

题目
答案		C
难度		容易
考察知识点		price mechanism的识别
解答要点		●　A选项，价格上升时，企业有动力增加产量而非减少，A选项错误。 ●　B选项，价格机制一般在市场经济中，和鼓励政府干预没有直接联系，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，当价格变化时，价格为企业和消费者提供供给和消费的信号作用，这是对signal功能的阐述，C选项正确。 ●　D选项，ration指的是供给有限时，通过价格进行资源分配，能承担高价的人将分配到商品。D选项的描述与实际意义不符，错误。
文字版备查		Which one of the following is a function of the price mechanism? A To create an incentive for producers to decrease the quantity supplied when the price increases. B To encourage government intervention to allocate scarce resources. C To provide a signal to producers and consumers about changes in supply and demand when prices change. D To ration scarce resources by allowing prices to decrease when demand increases.

题目
答案		A
难度		容易
考察知识点		government failure的识别
解答要点		●　A选项，环境法规中包含的大额行政成本，属于政府干预带来了福利下降的情况，表述非常明确，因此A选项正确。 ●　B选项，市场泡沫导致价格迅速上升，没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，free riders的存在导致公共产品生产不足，没有没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，C选项错误。 ●　D选项，有外部收益的产品生产不足，没有提到政府干预行为，其本质属于market failure，D选项错误。
文字版备查		Which one of the following is a cause of government failure? A Excessive administrative costs involved in meeting environmental regulations. B A market bubble causing the price to rise excessively. C The existence of free riders leading to the under-production of public goods. D Under-production of foods with external benefits.

题目
答案		B
难度		容易
考察知识点		subsidy incidence各部分的识别和计算
解答要点		●　subsidy中consumer能够获得的部分为补贴后数量2100乘以市场价格变化部分（165-135），即2100*（165-135）=63000，B选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagram shows the market for wheat in the European Union after the introduction of a subsidy. Which one of the following is the consumer incidence of the subsidy?

题目
答案		B
难度		容易
考察知识点		Demand线上各点的PED值
解答要点		●　单位弹性位于D线的中点位置，因此B选项正确。
文字版备查		The diagram shows a demand curve for rice. At which point on the demand curve will the price elasticity of demand be unitary?

题目
答案		D
难度		中等
考察知识点		YED在具体情境下的解读
解答要点		●　A选项，该选项谈论的是PED的概念，和表格中给出的YED的概念不符，A选项错误。 ●　B选项，public transport的YED是负的，说明是inferior good，与表格中数据不符，B选项错误。 ●　C选项，收入增加会导致ice cream的需求更低比例的下降，这说明YED为负且在-1~0之间，与表格中数据不符，C选项错误。 ●　D选项，收入下降会导致motor cars的需求更高比例的下降，这说明YED为正且大于1，与表格中数据相符，D选项正确。
文字版备查		The table shows the estimated income elasticity of demand for various goods and services in the USA. Which one of the following can be deduced from the table? A Cheese has relatively price inelastic demand. B Public transport is a normal good. C An increase in real income will result in a less than proportionate decrease in demand for ice cream. D A decrease in real income will result in a more than proportionate decrease in the demand for motor cars.

题目
题目类型		画图题
难度		中等
考察知识点		ad valorem tax的图像及均衡点变化情况
解答要点		●　注意材料中描述的税收是按照价格百分比收的，因此判定属于ad valorem tax，画图时需要呈现“喇叭口”形状才能得分。
官方答案
参考例文		The supply curve pivots leftwards from S₀ to S₁ because of the introduction of an ad valorem tax in Saudi Arabia. （根据题目要求回答问题→）Equilibrium price increases from P₀ to P₁. Equilibrium quantity decreases from Q₀ to Q₁.
文字版备查		Saudi Arabia introduced its first indirect tax on the sale of goods and services in 2018. The tax is charged at 5% of the price of goods and services. Draw a diagram to illustrate the impact of the introduction of the indirect tax on the equilibrium price and quantity of petrol in Saudi Arabia.