CAIE单词查询（按单元）- 4th

Section 1 Basic economic ideas and resource allocation

Chapter 1 Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost

序号	重要标记	单词	含义	概念
1	*	fundamental economic problem	基本经济问题	scarce resources but unlimited wants; sometimes called the basic economic problem.
2		resources	资源	inputs available for the production of goods and services.
3		wants	愿望	the goods and services that people may like to have but are not always realised.
4		needs	需求	things that are necessary for survival, such as food.
5	*	scarcity	稀缺性	a situation in which wants and needs are greater than the resources available.
6		choice	选择	resources are scarce so individuals, firms and governments have to consider alternatives.
7		factors of production	生产要素	resources or inputs available in an economy that are used in the production of goods and services.
8		firm	企业	any business that hires factors of production to produce goods and services.
9	*	opportunity cost	机会成本	the cost expressed in terms of the next best alternative that is foregone when a choice is made.

Chapter 2 Economic methodology

序号	重要标记	单词	含义	概念
1		macroeconomics	宏观经济学	the study of an economy or a group of economies.
2		microeconomics	微观经济学	the study of individual markets (households and firms).
3		model	模型	a simplified view of reality used to explain economic problems and issues.
4	*	positive statement	实证性陈述	a statement that is based on facts or actual evidence.
5	*	normative statement	规范性陈述	a statement that is based on the economist's opinion or value judgement and which cannot be proven.
6	*	ceteris paribus	其他条件不变	a Latin phrase meaning 'other things equal' or 'other things are unchanged'; used by economists to model the effects of one change at a time.
7	*	short run	短期	time period when a firm can change at least one but not all factor inputs.
8	*	long run	长期	time period when all factors of production are variable but with a constant, such as the state of technology.
9	*	very long run	超长期	time period when all key inputs into production are variable.

Chapter 3 Factors of production

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Chapter 4 Resource allocation in different economic systems

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Chapter 5 Production possibility curves

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Chapter 6 Classification of goods and services

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Section 2 The price system and the micro economy

Chapter 7 Demand and supply curves

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Chapter 8 Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-elasticities of demand

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Chapter 9 Price elasticity of supply

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Chapter 10 The interaction of demand and supply

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Chapter 11 Consumer and producer surplus

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Section 3 Government microeconomic intervention

Chapter 12 Reasons for government interventions in markets

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Chapter 13 Methods and effects of government interventions in markets

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Chapter 14 Addressing income and wealth inequality

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Section 4 The macro economy

Chapter 15 National income statistics

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Chapter 16 Introduction to the circular flow of income

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Chapter 17 Aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis

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Chapter 18 Economic growth

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Chapter 19 Unemployment

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Chapter 20 Price stability

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Section 5 Government macroeconomic intervention

Chapter 21 Government macroeconomic policy objectives

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Chapter 22 Fiscal policy

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Chapter 23 Monetary policy

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Chapter 24 Supply-side policy

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Section 6 International economic issues

Chapter 25 The reasons for international trade

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Chapter 26 Protectionism

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Chapter 27 Current account of the balance of payments

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Chapter 28 Exchange rates

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Chapter 29 Policies to correct imbalances in the current account of the balance of payments

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Section 7 The price system and the micro economy

Chapter 30 Utility

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Chapter 31 Indifference curves and budget lines

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Chapter 32 Efficiency and market failure

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Chapter 33 Private costs and benefits, externalities and social costs and benefits

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Chapter 34 Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production

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Chapter 35 Different market structures

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Chapter 36 Growth and survival of firms

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Chapter 37 Differing objectives and policies of firms

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Section 8 Government microeconomic intervention

Chapter 38 Government policies to achieve efficient resource allocation and correct market failure

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Chapter 39 Equity and redistribution of income and wealth

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Chapter 40 Labour market forces and government intervention

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Section 9 The macro economy

Chapter 41 The circular flow of income

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Chapter 42 Economic growth and sustainability

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Chapter 43 Employment and unemployment

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Chapter 44 Money and banking

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Section 10 Government macroeconomic issues

Chapter 45 Government macroeconomic policy objectives

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Chapter 46 Links between macroeconomic problems and their interrelatedness

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Chapter 47 Effectiveness of policy options to meet all macroeconomic objectives

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Section 11 International economic issues

Chapter 48 Policies to correct disequilibrium in the balance of payments

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Chapter 49 Exchange rates

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Chapter 50 Economic development

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Chapter 51 Characteristics of countries at different levels of development

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Chapter 52 Relationship between countries at different levels of development

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Chapter 53 Globalisation

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