CAIE单词查询（按单元）- 4th

Section 1 Basic economic ideas and resource allocation

Chapter 1 Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost

序号	重要标记	单词	含义	概念
1	*	fundamental economic problem	基本经济问题	scarce resources but unlimited wants; sometimes called the basic economic problem.
2		resources	资源	inputs available for the production of goods and services.
3		wants	愿望	the goods and services that people may like to have but are not always realised.
4		needs	需求	things that are necessary for survival, such as food.
5	*	scarcity	稀缺性	a situation in which wants and needs are greater than the resources available.
6		choice	选择	resources are scarce so individuals, firms and governments have to consider alternatives.
7		factors of production	生产要素	resources or inputs available in an economy that are used in the production of goods and services.
8		firm	企业	any business that hires factors of production to produce goods and services.
9	*	opportunity cost	机会成本	the cost expressed in terms of the next best alternative that is foregone when a choice is made.

Chapter 2 Economic methodology

序号	重要标记	单词	含义	概念
1		macroeconomics	宏观经济学	the study of an economy or a group of economies.
2		microeconomics	微观经济学	the study of individual markets (households and firms).
3		model	模型	a simplified view of reality used to explain economic problems and issues.
4	*	positive statement	实证性陈述	a statement that is based on facts or actual evidence.
5	*	normative statement	规范性陈述	a statement that is based on the economist's opinion or value judgement and which cannot be proven.
6	*	ceteris paribus	其他条件不变	a Latin phrase meaning 'other things equal' or 'other things are unchanged'; used by economists to model the effects of one change at a time.
7	*	short run	短期	time period when a firm can change at least one but not all factor inputs.
8	*	long run	长期	time period when all factors of production are variable but with a constant, such as the state of technology.
9	*	very long run	超长期	time period when all key inputs into production are variable.

Chapter 3 Factors of production

序号	重要标记	单词	含义	概念