Edexcel IAL U2 revision - Section 4 (2018)

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Section 4 National income 国民收入

大纲要求

1. National income 国民收入

a) The circular flow of income. 收入循环流

b) The distinction between income and wealth. 收入和财富之间的区别

2. Injections and withdrawals 注入和漏出

a) The distinction between injections and withdrawals. 注入和漏出之间的区别

b) Injections: 注入：

• investment 投资
• government expenditure 政府开支
• exports. 出口

c) Withdrawals: 漏出：

• savings 储蓄
• taxation 税收
• imports. 进口

d) The impact of net injections into, and net withdrawals from, the circular flow of income. 对循环收入流存在净注入和净漏出所带来的影响

3. Equilibrium level of real output 实际产出的均衡水平

a) The concept of equilibrium level of real national output. 实际国民产出均衡水平的概念

b) Causes of changes in equilibrium real national output, as a result of shifts in AD and/or AS curves. 由于总需求或总供给曲线的变化，导致均衡实际国民产出发生变化

4. The multiplier 乘数

a) The multiplier and multiplier process. 乘数和乘数过程

b) Marginal propensities and their effects on the multiplier: 边际倾向及其对乘数的影响：

• the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) 边际消费倾向
• the marginal propensity to save (MPS) 边际储蓄倾向
• the marginal propensity to tax (MPT) 边际税收倾向
• the marginal propensity to import (MPM). 边际进口倾向

c) Calculations of the multiplier using the formula 1/(1-MPC) and 1/MPW, where MPW = MPS + MPT + MPM. 使用公式 1/(1-MPC) 和 1/MPW 计算乘数，其中 MPW = MPS + MPT + MPM