Edexcel IAL U3 revision - Section 4 (2018)

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Section 4 Labour markets 劳动力市场

• 大纲要求

1. The demand for labour 劳动力需求

a) Factors that influence the demand for labour to a particular occupation: 影响特定职业对劳动力需求的因素：

• demand for the final product (labour as a derived demand) 对最终产品的需求（劳动力是派生需求）
• productivity of labour 劳动生产率
• price of the product 产品价格
• wage rate relative to price of capital. 工资与资本价格的对比

b) Factors that influence the elasticity of demand for labour. 影响劳动力需求弹性的因素

2. The supply of labour 劳动力供给

a) Factors that influence the supply of labour to a particular occupation: 影响特定职业的劳动力供给的因素：

• size of population 人口规模
• net migration 净移民
• income tax rates 收入税率
• level of welfare benefits 福利水平
• government regulations 政府法规
• trade unions. 工会

b) Factors that influence the elasticity of supply of labour. 影响劳动力供给弹性的因素

3. The determination of wage rates in competitive and non-competitive markets 竞争和非竞争市场中工资率的确定

a) Labour market equilibrium. 劳动力市场均衡

b) Causes of changes in the equilibrium wage rate and quantity of labour as a result of shifts in demand curves and supply curves. 由于需求曲线和供给曲线的移动导致均衡工资和劳动力数量发生变化

c) Wage setting in the public sector/state-owned enterprises. 公共部门/国有企业的工资确定

4. Market failure in the labour market 劳动力市场中的市场失灵

a) Causes and consequences of the geographical immobility of labour. 劳动力地域间不流动的原因和影响

b) Causes and consequences of the occupational immobility of labour. 劳动力职业间不流动性的原因和影响