Edexcel IAL U3 revision - Section 5 (2018)

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Section 5 Government intervention 政府干预

大纲要求

1. Government intervention in product markets产品市场中的政府干预

a) The case for government intervention. 政府干预的例子

b) Measures to control monopolies and mergers: 控制垄断与兼并的手段：

• price regulation 价格监管
• profit regulation 利润监管
• quality standards 质量标准
• performance targets 绩效目标
• referral to regulatory authorities 转交监管机构
• legislation to control mergers and takeovers. 立法控制兼并与收购

c) Measures to promote competition and contestability: 促进竞争和可竞争性的措施：

• tax incentives and grants to promote small businesses and FDI 使用税收优惠和补贴促进小企业发展和外国直接投资
• deregulation 放松管制（去规则化）
• privatisation 私有化
• competitive tendering for public sector contracts 公共部门的合同竞标
• trade liberalisation. 贸易自由化

d) Measures to protect suppliers and employees: 保护供应商和员工的措施：

• local sourcing of raw materials and components 在当地采购原材料和组件
• employment legislation to protect workers from exploitation 立法保护工人免受剥削
• barriers to entry of foreign firms 针对外国企业的进入壁垒
• restrictions on the monopsony power of firms 对企业垄断力的限制
• nationalisation. 国有化

e) The impact of each measure on: 每项措施对以下方面的影响：

• price 价格
• profit 利润
• efficiency 效率
• quality 质量
• choice. 选择

f) Limits to government intervention: 政府干预的限制：

• regulatory capture 监管捕获
• asymmetric information/information gaps 不对称信息/信息缺口
• inadequate resources 资源不足
• lack of regulatory power. 缺乏监管力度

2. Government intervention in labour markets 劳动力市场中的政府干预

a) The case for government intervention. 政府干预的案例

b) Types of government intervention in labour markets and their effects: 劳动力市场中政府干预的类型及其效果：

• maximum wage controls 最高工资控制
• minimum wage controls 最低工资控制
• direct taxes e.g. national insurance contributions; corporation tax 直接税，例如国民保险缴款；公司税
• measures to reduce geographical and occupational immobility of labour 减少劳动力地域间不流动性和职业间不流动性的措施
• measures to reduce discrimination and exploitation. 减少歧视和剥削的措施