Edexcel IAL U4 revision - Section 4 (2018)

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Section 4 Poverty and inequality 贫困与不平等

• 大纲要求

1. Poverty 贫困

a) The distinction between absolute and relative poverty. 绝对贫困与相对贫困之间的区别

b) Measures of absolute and relative poverty. 绝对贫困与相对贫困的衡量

c) Causes of changes in absolute and relative poverty: 绝对贫困与相对贫困变化的原因：

• economic growth 经济增长
• education and training 教育和培训
• welfare benefits 福利金
• changes in tax structure 税收结构的变化
• structural changes in the economy 经济结构的变化
• aid 援助
• civil wars and conflict. 战争与冲突

2. Inequality 不平等

a) The distinction between wealth inequality and income inequality. 财富不平等与收入不平等之间的区别

b) Measurements of inequality: 不平等的测量：

• the Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线
• the Gini coefficient. 基尼系数

c) Causes of inequality in income and wealth within countries and between countries. 国家内部和国家间收入与财富不平等的原因

d) The impact of inequality on: 不平等对以下方面的影响：

• enterprise 企业
• incentives 激励
• savings 储蓄
• education 教育
• migration 移民
• life expectancy. 预期寿命

e) The impact of economic change and development on inequality. 经济变化和发展对不平等的影响

f) The significance of the free market economy (capitalism) for inequality. 自由市场经济（资本主义）对不平等的影响