Edexcel IAL U1 revision - Section 4 (2018)

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Section 4 Price determination 价格决定

• 大纲要求

1. Determination of market equilibrium 市场均衡的决定

a) Equilibrium price and quantity, and how they are determined. 均衡价格、均衡数量及如何决定

b) Causes of changes in the equilibrium price and quantity as a result of shifts in demand and supply curves. 均衡价格与数量变化的原因（需求和供给曲线的移动）

c) The operation of market forces to eliminate excess demand and excess supply. 运用市场力消除超额需求与超额供给

2. Consumer and producer surplus 消费者剩余与生产者剩余

a) The distinction between consumer and producer surplus. 消费者剩余与生产者剩余之间的区别

b) How changes in demand or supply might affect consumer and producer surplus. 需求或供给的变化如何影响消费者剩余和生产者剩余

3. Functions of the price mechanism 价格机制的功能

a) The rationing, incentive and signalling functions of the price mechanism for allocating scarce resources. 价格机制在分配稀缺资源中的分配、激励和信号功能

b) The price mechanism in the context of different types of markets, including local, national and global markets. 不同类型市场中的价格机制，包括本地、本国和全球市场

4. Indirect taxes and subsidies 间接税与补贴

a) The impact of indirect taxes on consumers, producers and the government. 间接税对消费者、生产者和政府的影响

b) The incidence of indirect taxes on consumers and producers. 间接税在消费者和生产者之间的分配

c) The impact of subsidies on consumers, producers and the government. 补贴对消费者、生产者和政府的影响

d) The incidence of subsidies on consumers and producers. 补贴在消费者和生产者之间的分配